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Pallasites are perhaps the most alluring of all meteorites, and they are certainly of great interest to collectors and enthusiasts. Pallasites consist of a nickel-iron matrix rich in colorful olivine crystals. When olivine crystals are of sufficient purity and display an emerald- green color, they are known as the gemstone peridot. Pallasites take their name from the German zoologist and explorer, Peter Pallas, who described the first-known pallasite, the Russian meteorite Krasnojarsk, which was found in the eighteenth century near the Siberian capital of the same name.
When cut and polished into thin slabs, the crystals in pallasites sometimes become translucent, giving them a remarkable otherworldly beauty. While micro-diamonds have been found in some meteorites, notably the carbonaceous chondrite Allende [ see our Stones page], pallasites are the only meteorites that contain gemstones easily visible to the naked eye.
Pallasites are believed to have formed at the core/mantle boundary of large asteroids and they are extremely rare. As of 2021, out of the approximately 66,000 officially recognized meteorites, there are only 138 known pallasites.
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